Butyl rubber and PVC liners– these are flexible and have the advantage of giving you complete control over the size, shape and depth of pond. They are particularly useful for creating a natural look, and are suitablefor medium to large ponds. Butyl rubber is the most popular choice, although PVC liners are also available. Butyl is heavier and more expensive than PVC, and more durable, with a lifespan of 25 to 50 years or more. Flexible liners can usually be successfully patched if accidentally pierced – kits can be sourcedfrom specialist suppliers Created by crushing hard granite stones, manufactured sand refers to an artificially created type of sand made as an alternative to river sand for construction. Fang JC, Kong GQ, Yang Q (2022) Group performance of energy piles under cyclic and variable thermal loading[J]. J Geotech Geoenviron Engin 148(8):04022060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002840 Meyerhof GG (1981) The bearing capacity of rigid piles and pile groups under inclined loads in clay. Can Geotech J 18(2):297–300. https://doi.org/10.1139/t81-032

The circular fracture pattern might be due to the settling of a deposit over a buried impact crater. Maybe the nose is a volcanic or mud vent and the deposit could be lava or mud flows? They are still slightly asymmetrical, with steep slip faces on the south ends. This indicates that sand generally moves to the south, but the winds may be variable.The sand used should be a well-graded mixture from coarser to fine grains, complying with the requirements of IS 383 Latest edition or equivalent. Cyclic shear tests were numerically simulated on a cubic soil sample at different strain levels, from γ = 0·0001% to γ = 10%, to calibrate the parameters m, n and p in equation (1) on the G/ G 0– γ and D– γ curves obtained by Seed & Idriss (1970). The parameters obtained for the two soil models are shown in Fig. 1(c) , revealing that a good approximation of the mean target stiffness ( m = 1, n = −0·5 and p = −1·4) can lead to an excessive overestimation of the damping, due to the application of the Masing rules ( Pelecanos et al., 2015). A more reasonable behaviour is predicted by the parameters m = 1, n = −0·6 and p = −1·2, selected for the dynamic analyses. Sand dunes of many shapes and sizes are common on Mars. In this example, the dunes are almost perfectly circular, which is unusual. They are still slightly asymmetrical, with steep slip faces on the south ends. This indicates that sand generally moves to the south, but the winds may be variable. This is part of a series of images to monitor how frost disappears in the late winter; this observation appears to be free of frost. A previous image shows when the surface was covered by frost. You will need to use some force to keep the sander moving and in position, but you don’t have to press so hard that you gouge the wood. Use a light grip to hold the sander in place and move it around your wood piece. This will provide you the best results when you sand. Interpreting the bending moment as an EDP, the limit state was assumed to be reached when DCR LS = 1. Thus, the probability of failure was calculated through the cloud method (see the section entitled ‘Method’), assuming the PGA and PGV of the input motion (PGA im and PGV im) and recorded at the surface in free-field conditions (PGA gl and PGV gl), as seismic IMs.

Perhaps surprisingly, even with its very thin atmosphere, both frost and sand dunes are common on Mars. Indeed, orbiters, landers and rovers have all seen thin layers of water-ice frost on the Martian surface. The Viking landers, in fact, photographed both frost and sand dunes in the 1980s. Note that, even if the considered value of C/D = 2·5 does not correspond exactly to a deep tunnel, in the present work this definition is assumed only to distinguish the studied cases.Sand dunes of many shapes and sizes are common on Mars. In this example, the dunes are almost perfectly circular, which is unusual.