Main articles: Military camouflage and List of military clothing camouflage patterns Before 1800 [ edit ] Roman ships, depicted on a 3rd-century AD sarcophagus Another alternative is 654's 'first 8' (actually production nos. 3-8) which had ladder-type zimmerit, single pipe ausf.A exhausts, the unique sharp-ended modified ausf.A stowage bins and (probably) relocated stowage... Many camouflaged textile patterns have been developed to suit the need to match combat clothing to different kinds of terrain (such as woodland, snow, and desert). [179] The design of a pattern effective in all terrains has proved elusive. [180] [181] [182] The American Universal Camouflage Pattern of 2004 attempted to suit all environments, but was withdrawn after a few years of service. [183] Terrain-specific patterns have sometimes been developed but are ineffective in other terrains. [184] The problem of making a pattern that works at different ranges has been solved with multiscale designs, often with a pixellated appearance and designed digitally, that provide a fractal-like range of patch sizes so they appear disruptively coloured both at close range and at a distance. [185] The first genuinely digital camouflage pattern was the Canadian Disruptive Pattern ( CADPAT), issued to the army in 2002, soon followed by the American Marine pattern ( MARPAT). A pixellated appearance is not essential for this effect, though it is simpler to design and to print. [186] Glendinning, P (2004). "The mathematics of motion camouflage". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 271 (1538): 477–481. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2622. PMC 1691618. PMID 15129957. US Army Camouflate Improvement Effort Update". 24 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013.

The paint scheme, introduced by the Royal Navy towards the end of World War 1, was adopted by many of the world’s navies at the time – and repeated again between 1939 and 1945. Watson, Traci (14 September 2016). "This Dinosaur Wore Camouflage". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. The word camouflage originates from the French language and translates from an expression meaning ‘puffing smoke’ perhaps referring to the likeness of camouflage being undetectable, like being covered in a cloud of smoke. Experts militaires des Nations Unies en mission et officiers d'état-major". Armée suisse (in French) . Retrieved 6 December 2021.

Stuart-Fox, Devi; Moussalli, Adnan; Whiting, Martin J. (23 August 2008). "Predator-specific camouflage in chameleons". Biology Letters. 4 (4): 326–9. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0173. PMC 2610148. PMID 18492645. Experimental evidence that camouflage helps prey avoid being detected by predators was first provided in 2016, when ground-nesting birds ( plovers and coursers) were shown to survive according to how well their egg contrast matched the local environment. [20] Evolution [ edit ] Day Octopuses, Octopus cyanea". MarineBio Conservation Society. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016 . Retrieved 31 January 2013. Projekt MBAS". 18 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021 . Retrieved 6 December 2021. Defensie, Ministerie van (9 February 2021). "Camouflagepatronen - Materieel - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch) . Retrieved 17 March 2023.

This article is about a form of protective coloration. For other uses, see Camouflage (disambiguation).

Argentina: DPM clone known as ' Camuflaje Patagonico used by Argentine troops deployed in the Patagonia and Cordillerana regions. [36] Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988). "The Color of Birds". Stanford University . Retrieved 1 February 2013. Montenegro Military in MultiCam - Soldier Systems Daily". soldiersystems.net. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 . Retrieved 6 September 2015. British Armed Forces, [92] it is a combination of the Army’s previous camouflage, DPM and MultiCam. It is supposedly more effective than MultiCam itself, due to the integration of more natural and fluid shapes of the DPM pattern. [93] Woodland Camouflage". Camopedia. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016 . Retrieved 26 March 2016.

a b c "Diffused Lighting and its use in the Chaleur Bay". Naval Museum of Quebec. Royal Canadian Navy. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013 . Retrieved 3 February 2013. Ukrainian Army camouflage used since 2014, replacing the Dubok camo that was developed in 1980 and in service since 1984. [47] [48] ovenka (15 November 2022). "Ukraine Army Uniform - Combat Uniform & Amunition for Soldiers". People’s Project.com . Retrieved 17 March 2023. Richardson, Francis. (1945). "Camouflage Fabrics both Plain and Printed for Military Use by the German SS and German Army." Reprinted in: Borsarello, J.F. (Ed.). (1990?). SS & Wehrmacht Camouflage, ISO Publications; London. Oman: Used by the Omani military, using the British DPM as a basis by using orange and light khahi colors with the light khaki changed to light orange in the 1990s. [25] [26]Conboy, Ken (2007). ELITE: The Special Forces of Indonesia 1950-2008. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-9793780603. Only used for missions abroad, such as in arid countries (Mali), it can also be used in missions abroad in summer in countries such as Kosovo ( Swisscoy as part of KFOR) or in South Korea ( NNSC mission). Standard camouflage of the Swedish armed forces. [64] The Latvian Land Forces used it in 1996 for the SFOR mission, the uniforms were surplus equipment of the Swedish Army. [55] [65] Martin. "Philippine Coast Guard K9 Unit red DPM trousers". www.camouniforms.net. Archived from the original on 2018-08-29 . Retrieved 2020-03-27.

The pattern was designed by the Technical Section of the Army [ fr]. The base colour is the one used on all new French vehicles, "Brown French Soil" (Brun Terre de France). Used by Peruvian marines [9] and the Haitian National Police. [10] Unlicensed copies are used by the Russian Federation under the name of "Ataka". [11] [12] "Original Foliage Green (FG)" variant shown.

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Sabeti, P. C.; Schaffner, S. F.; Fry, B.; etal. (16 June 2006). "Positive Natural Selection in the Human Lineage". Science. 312 (5780): 1614–1620. Bibcode: 2006Sci...312.1614S. doi: 10.1126/science.1124309. PMID 16778047. S2CID 10809290. Many variants, both with horizontal stripes (Chad, Gabon, Rwanda, Sudan, Cuba, Congo, Greece) and with vertical stripes (Portugal 1963, then Egypt, Greece, India, Lebanese Palestinians, and Syria). Countershading also helps because it changes the way shadows are created. Sunlight illuminates the top of an animal’s body, casting its belly in shadow. When an animal is all one color, it will create a uniform shadow that makes the animal’s shape easier to see. In countershading, however, the animal is darker where the sun would normally illuminate it, and lighter where it would normally be in shadow. This distorts the shadow and makes it harder for predators to see the animal’s true shape.